In the wake of several recalls of toys containing lead, Fiona Ma is talking about enacting a law in California prohibiting lead in children's toys. The San Francisco Chronicle reports:
Fiona Ma, D-San Francisco, sent a letter to the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, the agency responsible for regulating harmful chemicals in consumer products, demanding a speedy prohibition of toxic lead in products used by children, the most vulnerable of the population.
Why Fiona Ma's legislation is unnecessary (and why it is so necessary) on the flip . . .
The fact is that there already are state and federal laws that prohibit lead in children's toys.
42 U.S.C. section 4831(c) states:
Prohibition by Consumer Product Safety Commission in application to toys or furniture articles. The Consumer Product Safety Commission shall take such steps and impose such conditions as may be necessary or appropriate to prohibit the application of lead-based paint to any toy or furniture article . . . .
Pursuant to the authority delegated to it by Congress, the Consumer Product Safety Commission promulgated 16 C.F.R. part 1303.4 which provides that:
The following consumer products, manufactured after February 27, 1978, unless exempted by Sec. 1303.3, are banned hazardous products * * *
(b) Toys and other articles intended for use by children that bear “lead-containing paint.”
The laws clearly are on the books – the lead pain that was on Mattel's children's toys is clearly illegal. The problem is that the CPSC, like most other federal watchdog agencies, has been neutered by a federal government that has been run by Republicans for too long. In short, they are asleep at the wheel. And it is our safety that is on the line.
The CPSC does not have Chairperson who has been confirmed by the Senate. Instead, it is being run by Acting Chairwoman Nancy Nord. Before being appointed to the CPSC, Ms. Nord was the Director of Federal Government Relations for Eastman Kodak Company. (That title sounds to me like a fancy name for a corporate lobbyist.) Surely her days protecting Kodak's interests before governments abroad gave Ms. Nord a wealth of experience protecting consumers from dangerous products. If not, I'm sure she cut her teeth tirelessly fighting for the little guy while she was at the American Corporate Counsel Association and the U.S. Chamber of Commerce. And Ms. Nord was a step up from Bush II's first choice for CPSC Chairperson, Michael Baroody. Mr. Baroody was the senior lobbyist for the National Association of Manufacturers, a well group dedicated to consumer protection (Ahem!). The public outcry was so strong that even the Bush Administration made Mr. Baroody withdraw his nomination.
Putting aside the Chairwoman's personal biases, she is one of the two people who make decisions at the CPSC. The CPSC is supposed to have three commissioners, but since July 2006, it has had only two of the three Commissioners. This means that Congress has had to pass laws to allow the Commission to meet its quorum requirements necessary to conduct business.
Congress has repeatedly slashed the budget for the CPSC. When Ronald Reagan stepped into the White House in 1980, the CPSC has 800 employees. Over the last 27 years, that number has shrunk by half. There now are fewer than 400 employees at the CPSC. “Small government” is so good! CPSC Commissioner Thomas Moore put it best:
Two years of significant staffing cuts and other resource reductions have limited the Commission’s ability to carry out its mission and have left the agency at a point where it is now doing only what is absolutely necessary for it to do and little else. Staff morale is very low. Employees see the agency being gradually but continually downsized; managers cannot fill vacant positions and employees either take on additional jobs as their colleagues leave or see projects shelved for lack of funding. Many employees at the agency are looking for other jobs because they have no confidence the agency will continue to exist (or will exist in any meaningful form) for many more years. The
clear signal from the administration is that consumer protection is just not that important. The Commission can either continue to decline in staff, resources and stature to the point where it is no longer an effective force in consumer protection or, with the support of Congress, it can regain the important place in American society that it was originally designed to have.
California also has laws on the books. California’s Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986 (known as “Proposition 65”), provides:
No person in the course of doing business shall knowingly and intentionally expose any individual to a chemical known to the state to cause cancer or reproductive toxicity without first giving clear and reasonable warning to such individual, except as provided in Section 25249.10.
Proposition 65 establishes a procedure by which the State is to develop a list of chemicals “known to the State to cause cancer or reproductive toxicity.” (Health & Saf. Code, § 25249.8.) Lead was placed in the Governor's list of chemicals known to the State of California to cause reproductive toxicity on February 27, 1987. It is specifically identified under three subcategories: “developmental reproductive toxicity,” which means harm to the developing fetus, “female reproductive toxicity,” which means harm to the female reproductive system, and “male reproductive toxicity,” which means harm to the male reproductive system. (Cal. Code Regs., tit. 22, § 12000, subd. (c).) “Lead and lead compounds” were placed in the Governor's list of chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer on October 1, 1992. (Cal. Code Regs., tit. 22, § 12000, subd. (b).)
California's Attorney General has many means to enforce Proposition 65, including injunctions under California Business and Professions Code section 17200, et seq.
I applaud Fiona Ma's effort to take on this dysfunctional agency and tell the CPSC that if it does not protect the safety of Californians, California will. But it's not necessarily another law that we need. While Congress should strengthen many consumer laws, what we really need is for Congress to: (1) restore funding for the CPSC to its pre-Reagan-era levels, and (2) vote to not confirm Bush's crony and industry's whore, Nancy Nord, as Chairwoman of the CPSC, but instead insist upon a qualified person with a track record of experience protecting consumers.
And Jerry Brown should use Proposition 65 along with the other weapons he has in his arsenal to do the job that the CPSC is not doing and protect Californians, especially our children, from unsafe products containing lead.