On May 4, 2007, CNN.com reported that Iraq combat veterans including Armed Forces members, Reservists, and mercenaries (i.e., ‘contractors’) were returning from the occupation of Iraq and the Iraqi Civil War with increased symptoms of anxiety, depression, and combat stress.
Soldiers who deployed more than six months or multiple times were more likely to screen positive for a mental health issue, the survey found.
“Effective small unit leadership” — or when officers closest to the troops did a good job — promoted better mental health, according to the survey.
Results concerning combat stress in the latest survey were similar to those from a more extensive study of veterans who sought care from the Department of Veterans Affairs after returning from combat in Iraq or Afghanistan. (Full story)
In that study, published in the March 12 issue of Archives of Internal Medicine and carried out by researchers at the University of California, San Francisco, and the San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 31 percent of more than 100,000 veterans studied were diagnosed with mental or psychological problems.
Post-traumatic stress disorder was the most common condition reported, affecting 13 percent of all Iraq or Afghanistan veterans who sought VA services, according to the study.
That’s slightly less than the 15.2 percent tallied for veterans of the Vietnam War, but far above the 3.5 percent reported in the general population.
More recently, in an article dated November 14, 2007, from HealthDay News, the number of returning troops needing mental health services has risen sharply.
More below the flip:
Steven Reinberg, HealthDay Reporter writes:
TUESDAY, Nov. 13 (HealthDay News) — The number of Iraq war veterans needing mental-health care has risen sharply since the U.S. Defense Department began screening them a second time for emotional problems, U.S. military researchers reported Tuesday.
Initial screenings of veterans uncovered 4.4 percent who needed treatment for problems such as depression or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). But six months later, a second screening found 11.7 percent were in need of mental health care, indicating that it might take several months for emotional disorders to emerge, the study suggested.
“We know mental health problems are a problem for soldiers who have been to war,” said lead researcher Dr. Charles S. Milliken, of the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research at the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command. “We are doing a good thing by having erected these screening programs. Between the two screenings, we are finding a large group of soldiers that are having problems.”
According to the American Psychiatric Association, anxiety involves DSM-IV-R:
- Excessive anxiety and worry (apprehensive expectation), occurring more days than not for at least 6 months, about a number of events or activities (such as work or school performance).
- The person finds it difficult to control the worry.
- The anxiety and worry are associated with three (or more) of the following six symptoms (with at least some symptoms present for more days than not for the past 6 months). Note: Only one item is required in children.
(1) restlessness or feeling keyed up or on edge
(2) being easily fatigued
(3) difficulty concentrating or mind going blank
(4) irritability
(5) muscle tension
(6) sleep disturbance (difficulty falling or staying asleep, or restless unsatisfying sleep)
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder symptoms include:
- The person has been exposed to a traumatic event in which both of the following were present:
(1) the person experienced, witnessed, or was confronted with an event or events that involved actual or threatened death or serious injury, or a threat to the physical integrity of self or others
(2) the person’s response involved intense fear, helplessness, or horror. Note: In children, this may be expressed instead by disorganized or agitated behavior
- The traumatic event is persistently reexperienced in one (or more) of the following ways:
(1) recurrent and intrusive distressing recollections of the event, including images, thoughts, or perceptions. Note: In young children, repetitive play may occur in which themes or aspects of the trauma are expressed.
(2) recurrent distressing dreams of the event. Note: In children, there may be frightening dreams without recognizable content.
(3) acting or feeling as if the traumatic event were recurring (includes a sense of reliving the experience, illusions, hallucinations, and dissociative flashback episodes, including those that occur on awakening or when intoxicated). Note: In young children, trauma-specific reenactment may occur.
(4) intense psychological distress at exposure to internal or external cues that symbolize or resemble an aspect of the traumatic event
(5) physiological reactivity on exposure to internal or external cues that symbolize or resemble an aspect of the traumatic event
- Persistent avoidance of stimuli associated with the trauma and numbing of general responsiveness (not present before the trauma), as indicated by three (or more) of the following:
(1) efforts to avoid thoughts, feelings, or conversations associated with the trauma
(2) efforts to avoid activities, places, or people that arouse recollections of the trauma
(3) inability to recall an important aspect of the trauma
(4) markedly diminished interest or participation in significant activities
(5) feeling of detachment or estrangement from others
(6) restricted range of affect (e.g., unable to have loving feelings)
(7) sense of a foreshortened future (e.g., does not expect to have a career, marriage, children, or a normal life span)
- Persistent symptoms of increased arousal (not present before the trauma), as indicated by two (or more) of the following:
(1) difficulty falling or staying asleep
(2) irritability or outbursts of anger
(3) difficulty concentrating
(4) hypervigilance
(5) exaggerated startle response
- Duration of the disturbance (symptoms in Criteria B, C, and D) is more than 1 month.
- The disturbance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.
Our troops, reservists, and mercenaries are returning home with major psychiatric illnesses in addition to the more obvious physical injuries. But, as noted previously in the Walter Reed Scandal, this so-called Administration is ill-prepared to help them. Imagine that, the Administration being poorly prepared.
The Administration needs to extend full medical benefits to members of the Armed Services, the National Guard, and the mercenaries.
The Administration needs to make full medical care easily accessible to them.
The Administration needs to fully fund the Department of Veterans Affairs.
The Administration needs to expend all funds that are appropriated.
The Administration needs to accept responsibility for its complicity in the inadequate provision of services.
When will the Administration and its lap-maiden, Mary Bozo step up and assume responsibility? Walk the walk. Remember, 29 Palms is Coachella Valley-adjacent.